Performance Task Resources
Social Studies Gr. 8: Turn of the Century Newspaper

Content...

General Resources

Writing a Newspaper Article
http://www.media-awareness.ca/eng/med/class/teamedia/newspro.htm
This site developed for grades 6-9 by a teacher in South Carolina gives a very brief and clear outline on writing a newspaper article.  There are two handouts: Creating a Newspaper Article and Formula for a Well-written News Article.

The Era of Expansion and Reform
http://odur.let.rug.nl/~usa/H/1990/chap6.htm
This site is part of the hypertext history of the United States from a number of US Information Agency publications. The information is divided into eight chapters, one of which is The Era of Expansion and Reform.  What makes this a great resource is that the facts have been enriched with hypertext-links to relevant documents, original essays, other Internet sites, and to other Outlines.  Sections included in this chapter include: The era of expansion and reform; Introduction; Industry grows bigger; Cities and problems grow; Machines and science help farmers; and Social criticism becomes widespread.

Gilded Age --- Two General References Sites
The general references on the gilded age include political leaders, the transformation of the West, the rise of Bid Business and American Workers, Literary and Cultural Resources, New Immigration and more. These are both an excellent teacher's resource site.

What, Then, Is This American? 1865-1900
http://www.eduref.org/cgi-bin/printlessons.cgi/Virtual/Lessons/crossroads/sec4/Unit_7/Unit_VIIQ6R2.html
This site is part of ERIC, Crossroads: Middle School Curriculum.  There are 14 question here with hypertext resources.  Questions include: What was the West like for miners, cattlemen and homesteaders?;  Were industrial leaders "captains of industry" or "robber barons?"; What pushed immigrants from their homelands and pulled them to the United States?; and Describe the working conditions in factories in the late 19th century.

Post Civil War to 1900
http://www.execpc.com/~dboals/
p-1900.html#POST CIVIL WAR TO 1900

This site is part of the History/Social Studies Web Site for K-12 Teachers.  There are 36 links to information on the history of the United States after the Civil War and before the turn of the century.

Industrial Revolution    [top]

Between a Rock and a Hard Place
http://americanhistory.si.edu/sweatshops/index.htm
This site, a show produced by the Smithsonian, shows the underside of the American garment industry and the history of American sweatshops from 1820 to present.

Touring Turn-of-the-Century America: Photographs from the Detroit Publishing Co., 1880-1920
http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/detroit/dethome.html
Touring Turn-of-the-Century America is an American Memory project produced by the Library of Congress.  The site can be searched by keyword or browsed by subject.

The Life of a City: Early Films of New York, 1898-1906
http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/papr/nychome.html
This collection contains forty-five films of New York dating from 1898 to 1906 from the Paper Print Collection of the Library of Congress.

Child Labor in America
http://www.historyplace.com/unitedstates/childlabor/index.html
Thumbnail pictures of children, with links to larger pictures, and text on their working conditions can be found here.  The site is part of the History Place, a private, independent, Internet-only publication based in Boston.

Great Chicago Fire and Web of Memory
http://www.chicagohs.org/fire/index.html
This site describes with text, maps, paintings, and photographs the before and after of the Great Chicago Fire.  Read the navigation instructions for the best results.  This site is a commemorative exhibition created by the Chicago Historical society and Northwestern University.

Inside an American Factory at the Turn of the Century
http://lcweb2.loc.gov/ammem/papr/west/westhome.html
This site is another Library of Congress American Memory production.  Inside an American Factory contains films of the Westinghouse works in 1904.  There are pictures and primary and secondary materials about the company.  The site is searchable, and it also contains a subject index and a list of the films.

Labor-Management Conflicts in American History
http://www.history.ohio-state.edu/projects/laborconflict/
Ohio State University's History Department has put together a web project on labor-management conflicts in American history including: The Conflict in the Pennsylvania Coke Regions with Frick Coke (text only);  A lurid account of the Molly Maguire movement in the Pennsylvania anthracite coal field (text only); The Homestead Steel Strike of 1892; Strikes in the Anthracite Coal fields of Pennsylvania; The Chicago Strike of 1905(text only); and  Haymarket Square in Chicago, the scene of violence in 1886(image only).

Triangle Shirtwaist Factory
http://www.csun.edu/~ghy7463/mw2.html
This site has pictures and a support essay about the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire of 1911 that drew public attention to the plight of workers in the garment industry. This is a student's personal web page.  WARNING--graphic pictures.

Working Hours of Women in Factories
http://140.190.128.190/history/hours10.html
This site includes an early 1900-work schedule and describes the conditions of women working long hours in various factories. It also includes a bell schedule for women in factories (early 1900's) (text only).  This site is part of the On the Lower East Side: Observations of Life in Lower Manhattan at the turn of the Century site,
(
http://acad.smumn.edu/history/contents.html
The links from this main site are primarily text only.

Child labor and Child Labor Reform in American History
http://www.history.ohio-state.edu/projects/childlabor/
This site, from Ohio State University's History Department, provides two excellent articles about child labor.  The first article is Mr. Coal's Story, an appeal to end child labor in coal mining, told by the National Child Labor Committee to persuade Americans to support the regulation and elimination of child labor.  The second article is The Story of My Cotton Dress, from The Child Labor Bulletin, August 1914.

Coal Mining in the Gilded Age and Progressive Era
http://www.history.ohio-state.edu/projects/Lessons_US/Gilded_Age/Coal_Mining/default.htm
This site, from Ohio State University's History Department, provides picture and text about coal mining in the United States.  There are seventeen links to information on the work of coal miners, strikes, life and aims of a mineworker, and a link to Stephen Crane's "In the Depths of A Coal Mine."

  Robber Barons   [top]

"Robber Barons" or "Captains of Industry"
http://www.socialstudieshelp.com/Lesson_44_Notes.htm

American Inventors and Inventions    [top]

National Inventors Hall of Fame
http://www.invent.org/hall_of_fame/1_1_search.asp
This site comes from the National Inventors Hall of Fame Foundation in Akron, Ohio. The site is indexed alphabetically by invention, inventor, and date of induction.  It includes pictures and biographies of American inventors and inventions and links to other web sites (when available) with more information.  This is a good place to begin research on American inventors.

  American Inventors and Inventions
http://www.150.si.edu/150trav/remember/amerinv.htm

  Spotlight Biography: Inventors
http://educate.si.edu/spotlight/inventors1.html

What were the major inventions and new technologies of the late 1800's?
http://www.eduref.org/cgi-bin/printlessons.cgi/Virtual/Lessons/crossroads/sec4/Unit_7/Unit_VIIQ6.html
This list of inventors is part of the ERIC Crossroads unit on America from 1865 to 1900.  There are no hyperlinks here, but this is a great list to use to start searching for information.

Invention Dimension
http://web.mit.edu/invent/
This MIT site features biographies of American inventors spanning a wide range of topics and time periods. A new description is added every week and all of the inventors can be found in the Inventor of the Week archives.  The archives may be searched by invention or browsed by the inventor's name.

Urbanization    [top]

At Home with Alexander Curtis 1880's
http://www.museum.state.il.us/exhibits/athome/1850/voices/
curtis/index.html

This is an interactive story based on a primary source from 1881 that brings alive the life of the people in the 1880's.   The Illinois State Museum has designed a site where one may try to help Alexander Curtis decide where to live in Chicago while he worked for the Pullman Company.

Tenement Museum
http://www.thirteen.org/tenement/index.html
Over ten thousand people lived at 97 Orchard Street between the years 1870 and 1915. "Walk" through two of the "apartments" as they appeared at 97 Orchard St. in the 1870's and 1930's.  WENT 13 of NYC, producers of this site, also have included articles about the history of the time and the families who lived in these apartments.

Cities of Today, Cities of Tomorrow
http://www.un.org/Pubs/CyberSchoolBus/special/habitat/
This site is a special project of the United Nations Cyerschoolbus. There is a historical overview of urban development and 6 units that cover major aspects of cities and their global and local importance including the growth, expansion, and consequences of urbanization in history, with possible solutions.

Immigration    [top]

Ellis Island
http://www.ellisisland.org/
Ellis Island served as the port of entry for the vast majority of new immigrants to the U.S.  This site presents a look at the island, the Statue of Liberty, and the American Immigrant Wall of Honor.  There are also Hot Links for more information and a link to the History Center.

  American Family Immigration History Center
www.ellisislandrecords.org
This site allows one to search through old passenger manifests from the ships that ferried 17 million immigrants into New York Harbor, and the New World, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The database extracted from microfilms of the original paper manifests, covers arrivals at Ellis Island from 1892 through 1924. Those were the peak years of immigration, when as many as 5,000 people a day shuffled through the inspection process. The information recorded on the manifests hints at their individual tales of grit, adventure and hope.

Immigration at the Turn of the 20th century
http://www.cohums.ohio-state.edu/history/projects/immigration/
This site provides two excellent articles written about immigration. One deals with the changing character of immigration and the other gives a colorful and descriptive account of what life was like for the immigrants, who made their way to the United States. It has a chart of what each immigrant earned on the average, broken down by national origin.

  American Immigration
http://www.bergen.org/AAST/Projects/Immigration/

  Ellis Island, Unit 1   Teacher Resource
http://commtechlab.msu.edu/sites/letsnet/noframes/subjects/ss/b1u1.html
Example of a unit on Ellis Island

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Updated: March 2004