1	Answers to questions on worksheet
2	Answers to questions on worksheet The Building blocks of proteins are: Amino Acids DNA is important because it codes for all proteins produced in the body. Holds the genetic information to produce proteins.
3	Protein Synthesis Tutorial by Chris Hood In this tutorial you will learn the necessary steps taken within a cell in order to produce a protein. Transcription Translation We will first learn about DNA replication, which will help us understand protein synthesis. You will simulate each process at the end of each section. At the end of the tutorial you will be asked to create a protein based on what you have learned.
4	DNA Replication While DNA Replication is not directly involved in the production of a protein, the steps involved will help us understand how protein synthesis is possible. DNA must make an exact copy of itself each time a cell divides. The steps involved are: Double strand of DNA molecule will unwind and unzip at the bases. The exposed bases combine with free bases found in the nucleus of the cell. Each single strand is rebuilt according to the Base-Pairing rule: Adenine-Thymine & Cytosine-Guanine. At the end of replication, each separated strand of DNA has become an exact copy of the original molecule.
5	"Now that you know how..." Now that you know how DNA can make copies of itself, lets try it. On the next slide you will see a strand of DNA that has already unwound and unzipped. It is up to you to rebuild this strand by clicking on the appropriate nucleic bases that pairs with each base of the DNA strand. Pair up the bases starting from the top of the DNA strand and work your way to the bottom. GOOD LUCK!!!!
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18	Transcription DNA holds the genetic information to produce all proteins. The problem is that protein synthesis occurs in the cytoplasm (at the ribosome's) and the DNA molecule cannot leave the nucleus. Transcription is the process that allows a molecule of RNA to “copy” a strand of DNA and then leave the nucleus through nuclear pores to enter the cytoplasm. The strand of RNA is referred to as messenger RNA or simply mRNA. Next the mRNA molecule will bind to several ribosome's that will allow for protein production.
19	Transcription is DNA → RNA The process of copying a portion of the DNA molecule over to a mRNA works just like DNA replication. DNA unzips. Complimentary bases attach to exposed bases. However because there are no Thymine bases within RNA, Adenine will pair with Uracil.
20	Codons Every group of 3 bases on the mRNA is referred to as a codon. A codon corresponds to one of twenty amino acids.
21	"Lets give it a shot" Lets give it a shot! On the next slide you will see a strand of DNA that has all ready unzipped. It is up to you to copy this strand with mRNA by clicking on the appropriate nucleic bases that pairs with each base of the DNA strand. GOOD LUCK!!!!
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34	Translation Now that the mRNA is in position at the ribosome, the actual amino acids have to be found and brought into position. Transfer RNA or tRNA bring the appropriate amino acids to the ribosome and match them with the correct mRNA codon. At one end there is a short tail which attaches to a specific amino acid and at the other end there is a loop of exposed nucleotides. These nucleotides contain a sequence of bases called the anti-codon, which temporarily attaches to a codon on mRNA.
35	Amino Acids and Codons
36	"While the tRNA temporarily attaches..." While the tRNA temporarily attaches to the correct codon on the mRNA, the amino acid brought with it will attach to other amino acids by dehydration synthesis.
37	"Now that we know how..." Now that we know how DNA translation works, lets try it out! Click on the appropriate tRNA on the left that corresponds to the appropriate codons on the mRNA on the right. REMEMBER, start from the top and work your way down.
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42	"Great Job!!!!!" Great Job!!!!! Now that you have seen the steps necessary for protein synthesis to take place, it is your turn to try it on your own. Create a strand of DNA, however you want, and show how that strand of DNA would replicate, be transcribed and translated. Show all necessary steps and use the Genetic Code Chart to show the amino acid chain that would be produced from your DNA strand.
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44	"Special Thanks to" Special Thanks to: John Bullington (Lead Teacher-Technology) Pictures used with permission from the following sites: http://www.accessexcellence.org/RC/VL/GG/ http://www.biologycorner.com/bio1/DNA.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_code http://cellbio.utmb.edu/cellbio/ribosome.htm http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/T/tRNA.html
45	Good Try! Remember the Base Pairing Rule!! Click to return to question