4.     Artificial (  M a n - M a D E)  methods
             of vegetative propagation  -- ANSWERS

                        a.   cuttings 

                              (1)  any part of a plant used to make a new plant  (Ref. #1, #2)

                        b.   grafting  (Ref. #3, #4

                             (1)  bud or   S T E M  from one plant joined to  S T E M  of closely related plant

                              (2)  the growing  vascular (adjective of V E S S E L)  T I S S U E S  
                                    (fluid tubes) of the two plants must structurally match

                              (3)  Let's see what happens if a pear branch is grafted onto apple stock (stem).
                                     New fruit on this branch would yield which type of fruit?

                            
                                __ Let's see!  That branch when it flower and makes a fruit will only get
                               fluids from the earth via the parent stem.  The branch is pear all the way.  It
                               better produce only pears.  .                

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