1.     Foods rich in proteins include: F _ _ _,                 _ H I _ K _ _,             

               
                                 

 

 

                                 _ _ G   W H _ _ _,                 & _ _ Y (a bean)

                                                              

        Double click this link for the answer to question #1

 

2.     Since proteins are biological organic molecules, they must contain atoms of (HINT -- black marbles in models) __________ & (HINT -- yellow marbles in models) _________.

      Two other common elements contained are: (HINT -- red marbles in models) _________,
& (HINT At. No. 7) (usually blue marbles in models) ___________

 

3.     (Let's test your logic)  The building blocks of proteins are  _ M _ _ _      _ C _ _ S.   But enzyme molecules are mostly proteins, therefore the building blocks of enzymes must be ___________.

 

        Click this link for the answers to questions 2,3!

 

4.    Demo:  Teacher shows a general model (symbol) for an amino acid.  The generalized symbol  of a rectangle             will symbolically for now represent an amino acid.  Simple as it sounds, draw this generalized symbol in this box below: 

 

 

 

 

 

5.     You are about to study only the molecular models & structural formulas for an amino acid.

                      Click here for the four types of chemical formulas with a practice quiz.

        (The four types of formulas are empirical, molecular, structural and molecular models.)

 

Demo: Teacher now shows a photo of an actual molecular model of an entire amino acid.  Note the

two springs at the right.   This is a double bond between a carbon and an oxygen atom.

 

                                               

                                                Molecular Model of an Amino Acid

 

      The following web address (URL) shows the parts of an amino acid.  If you play this video, the resulting amino acid will be oriented opposite to the one we will later draw.  The video is not of a file type that we can play directly from this web site.  If you are in Bio R, you may skip directly to the next line (Using a pencil, redraw ...).  If Bio H (& more curious Bio R students), open an Internet Explorer   e  & copy and paste this URL into the Internet Explorer window to view this brief amino acid rotation movie.

    http://www.molecularstation.com/science-videos/video/36/amino-acid-structure-animation/

 

    http://www.coe.missouri.edu/~pgermann/projects/SSME/Overview/IntVis/Molecules/Proteins/AminoAcid.mov

 

 

      (All students resume here)  Using a pencil, redraw the entire amino acid in the box below, not as the molecular model above, but as a structural formula.  (In case you forgot the color codes for atoms are: Hydrogen (yellow), Oxygen (red), Nitrogen (blue), and Carbon (black). 
(Note the twin springs, which symbolize a double covalent bond.).  Draw the yellow marble on the far left as an H to start this structural formula.

 

      Since there are about 20 different types of amino acids and they all have enough similarity to be called "amino acids,", they must differ somewhere.  The point of difference is known as the "R" group, of which there are twenty different varieties of the "R" group.  Click here to learn more about what "R" means.  The orange marble represents one such R group.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

     

                              Structural Formula of an Amino Acid

 

        Please click here for the link to the answers to questions 4 & 5.

 

         

 

 6.     When two amino acid reactants are present along with a specific catalyst known as an enzyme,
  they may unite in a  S _ _ T _ E _ _ S reaction.   The general form of this reaction follows:

 

                                                 enzyme

         Reactant₁  +  Reactant₂  ---------> synthesis of a __________ (what size) product molecule?

                                                yields

 

         Using the simple symbol introduced in No. 4   (  a               ), redo the above general form of
        this reaction using geometric symbols within the three boxes:

 

                           +                     ----------> synthesis of

 

                                                 

7.     This time (except for the last 3 mini-blanks which are 3 atoms.), fill in the blanks with words
        for this same reaction,

        ________  + _______ ------> synthesis of a "double" ______ ____ + _ _ _ (3 left over atoms)

      

 

08.   The larger product molecule above is a very small protein known as a di / peptide.

        What does the "di" mean?              __________________
        What does the "peptide" refer to?   __________________

 

                        Click here for answers to questions 6,7, & 8

 

 

        If you are in Bio R, you may skip directly to #11.  If you are in Bio R
        and want to know more about how amino acids join, complete questions
        9 & 10.  If you are in Bio H, do complete 9,10 before moving on to #11. 

 

            A general model for the synthesis of a dipeptide

 

09.   When two amino acids join (a dehydration synthesis reaction), the resulting larger molecule is
        NOT exactly a double amino acid, but close.  It is now known as a dipeptide ). But the amino
        acid on the left had to lose an  O-H  before it joined in this reaction.   And the amino acid on
        the right had to lose an H before it too joined in this reaction.  Those three leftover atoms now

        formed a small waste product molecule. 

 

        (Using words, complete the blanks below with the names of specific molecules.)

                                                       _ _ _ _ M _

         __________ +  __________              _________________ + _ _ _   ( _ A _ _ _ )

 

10.  From the molecular model pictured below, construct (sketch using a pencil) a structural formula
       of a dipeptide in the box below (on the right!). 

 

           

        Dipeptide Molecular Model                                       Dipeptide Structural Formula

 

 

            Click here to see the answers to questions  9, 10!

 

 

11.  As the dipeptide was formed, what other three atoms were left over? 

       (HINT -- Two from one amino acid (L) and one from the other amino acid (R).)    __  __ & ___

 

12.    As the dipeptide was formed, what other small molecule was made from these atoms ?  ______

 

        To see an animation of this type of synthesis reaction, click the following URL, then scroll
        down and press the Synthesis "button."  If this did not work, copy and paste it into your browser's
        address window.  (It works `10/15/08)

            http://science.nhmccd.edu/biol/dehydrat/dehydrat.html

 

 

13.    Write the Word Equation (Use words not chemical symbols) for the synthesis of a small protein
  known as a dipepetide:                                            

  _ _ Z _ _ E

               _________ + _________ +   ---------------> __________  + ________

                reactant₁          reactant₂                                   main product      minor product

 

        Click here to see the link to the answers to questions 11, 12, & 13!  Gracias!

 

 

 

14.   If another amino acid was joined to the main double product (dipeptide) in the prior question, this
 new larger product would then be known as a  ___ - ________ and the additional smaller product would  be _____.

 

Using the same enzyme, additional amino acids may be joined with the growing chain of former
amino acids.  Soon many amino acids have joined. 

 

If you want a jazzy 2 minute movie on amino acid structure, play the following:  First it shows the functional groups of a single amino acid, but then it shows multiple amino acids linked in a small polypeptide.  Yah!  (Shen blocked this one!)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ha-DNTOooXk
 

What do you call a many sided geometric figure (or a lost parrot)?                   ___________

What do you call a man who has many wives at the same time?                       ___________

What do you call the electrical device used by police to show many variations in responses of
    the human nervous system?                                                                            ___________

What do you call the S. pacific peoples that hail from many different islands?      ___________

What do you call a college that trains people in many technical fields? (HINT - RPI)  _________

 

What is the Greek Prefix commonly used in English that means several or many?    __________ 

 

In chemistry, a dipeptide, since it was formed from two repeating units, is a DIMER molecule.

In chemistry, a tripeptide, since it was formed from three repeating units, is a ________ molecule.

A chain of many amino acids linked (bonded) together fits the form of a  P _ L _ _ E _  molecule. 

A protein (also known as a  P _ _ Y _ E _ T _ _ _)  is a polymer formed from ______ ______
    subunits.

 

Sorry, but the video at this location is no longer available via Yahoo videos.
 

    Click here to see the answers to Questions 14, 15!.

 

 

 

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