I. Properties of catalysts

A. Most catalysts tend to affect the rate of only 1 exact reaction

(proper catalyst)

(Ex. Hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen)

1. Catalysts, due to their exactness, are said to be ... S _ E _ _ F I _

(The next picture clue is a really bad pun!)

2. The substance (Ex.hydrogen peroxide) changed in the REACTANT
(also known as S _ B _ T _ A _E)

B. Usually catalysts are NOT themselves changed in the reaction

            1.   If before a reaction, your catalyst (usually an enzyme) has the shape of the molecule
           pictured on the left, then in the box, sketch the general shape (Not the structural
           formula) of the catalyst after the reaction is over.

BEFORE AFTER

2. If before a reaction, you have 1 gram of catalyst, after the reaction, you should be able
to collect how much of this same catalyst? _____________

3. A catalyst has the same P R _ _ E R T _ E S (including shape) and same
A _ O U _ T before and after the reaction

Click here to see the answers to (I) Properties of Catalysts.

II. Inorganic Catalysts

A. Properties of Inorganic Catalysts

1. They Do NOT contain the element C _ _ _ O _

2. They are not usually found in L _ V _ N _ organisms

B. Example of a chemical reaction using an inorganic catalyst: (Manganese Dioxide)

Manganese Dioxide as pictured above is a very messy chemical. That's why the lab of this week was declared "Go Grubby for Bio Day." (... and you thought it was only the yucky liver!!)

In my Teacher mode, the arrows are correctly placed, but I heard a rumor that some are
too high or too low in the student mode. This I cannot control. I too have regrets!!

Mn0₂ (C _ _ A _ Y _ T)

2 H₂0₂2 H₂0 + 0₂

Hydrogen peroxide (Manganese Dioxide) water + oxygen gas

1. What is/are the reactant(s) (substrate(s)) in the above equation? ______________
2. What is/are the inorganic catalyst(s) in the above equation? ______________

3. What is/are the product(s) in the above equation? ______________

C. Interpretations of the above chemical reaction that uses a catalysts (Print page 2)
(These next two questions are trickier than you may initially think!)

1. If the amount of Mn0₂ increased, the RATE of formation of the oxygen gas
product would ... (increase, decrease, remain the same) _________________

2. If the amount of the catalyst increased, the product QUANTITY of oxygen gas
produced would ... (inc., dec. remains the same) _________________

Click here to see the answers to Inorganic Catalysts -- ANSWERS

III. Organic Catalysts Naming
The next reference is for your teacher if for some reason the web site is not functioning!

[see also HRW 1A Video Disk 45469-49683 if available]

A. Background Review Information for organic catalysts.

1. In one word, organic catalysts are usually called ... E _ _ Y _ E S

2. Enzymes are found in all living things and must contain ...

(HINT -- count the number of protons/electrons) ... C A _ B _ _ atoms

            3. All enzymes belong to the   _ R _ _ E _ N    (synonym = P _ _ Y _ _ P _ I _ _)
          food group.
    4.   All enzymes being polypeptides are synthesized from    _ _ _ _ O    _ _ I _   subunits.

5. All enzymes, like all proteins, are synthesized at organelles (parts of cells)
known as _ _ B _ _ O _ E S.

6. Some common enzymes are: lactase, peptidase, sucrase & lipase.
All enzymes end with the same three letters _ _ E.

           7. There are often different but similar spellings of biological roots/words which have
        different meanings. Here are four pictorial clues to these four roots/words with similar
        spellings. Four questions to their identitywill follow.

Do you know the following roots?

7a. Which of these is a synthetic sugar? _________ ends in _ _ _

7b. Which is a card prop that teachers may use in probability? three letters are _ _ _

7c. Which is an very old synonym for a donkey? three letters are _ _ _

7d. Which is an enzyme that is attaching to a dissacharide? __________ end in _ _ _

Click here for the answers to this section!

III B. Naming rules for Organic Catalysts
(If in Bio R, you may move directly to the next dashed (medium green) ------ box..
Bio H must do this section. This light green section is optional for Bio R students.)

1. Rule 1: An enzyme's name is formed from the root word of the molecule upon which
they work -- their substrate (You saw this synonym for reactant before!)

           2. Rule 2: To name an enzyme, remove the last few letters of the substrate name and add
        the ending “ase” to the S _ _ S _ R _ _ E   stem.
        (Me, myself and I (the three of us) have generously identified the stem for you in CAPS)

3. Many students confuse their "ase" endings with their "ose" endings which are not related.

What does the ‘ose’ ending mean?
(HINT glucose, fructose, sucrose (above) or cellulose) ______________

Print Page 3

4. Examples: Using Rules B1 & B2 above, figure out the name of the enzyme which will
attack each of the following substrates.

SUBSTRATE ENZYME CLUE
a. PROTEin _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ This one is a real teaser.

                        LIPid                             _ _ _ _ _ _                  Slang pun for the best horn player
                                                                                          in the band
                SACCHARide               _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _       3 legged event at a picnic
                AMYLose                      _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Click here for the answers to this section!

(All students resume this activity here!)

III C. Practical Applications of Enzyme Use

              Common Commercial Uses of Enzymes are everywhere. Here are some pictures.
      You must name the practice use. (If necessary, you are near to a search engine.)
      Complete this chart! Thank you!

COMMERCIAL PRODUCT PRACTICAL USE (What does it do?)

1. contact lens product for ...
_____________________________________

2. Lactase containing product for ...
______________________________________

            3a.     Here was a video link that we could not open directly from this web page. Please don't
              copy and paste the "Grease Bullet" enzyme link (URL) into another Internet Explorer.
              It is no longer is available.

I should NOT have had an extra fill in line after 3a. Sorry!

3b. Both 3a & 3B use enzymes for laundry to ...
_______________________________________

4. Spectrum applied directly to soiled clothing is use to ...
________________________________________

Click here to see the answers to this section!

III D. How an Enzyme catalyzed reaction takes place

(You may be also go to Video Disk [HRW 2975, 2981 (3 Fr.)] or transparency)
This is another of your teacher's secret references that we hope not to have to use.

1. An enzyme (a protein) is a chain of many _ M _ N _ A _ I _ _

In the above twin sketches, each green area represents a separate amino acid in the
protein chain that is a specific enzyme.

2. The functional catalytic part of the enzyme (a protein) is known as its
A _ T _ V _ S _ T _

3. the enzyme A _ T _ V _ S _ T _ and the S _ B _ T _ A _ E must temporarily join
(The active site of this enzyme (green) above is shown as the indentation on its top.)

Items 4,5,6 below refer to the diagram directly above.

4. The temporary joining of an enzyme to its substrate is called the
E _ Z _ M _ - S _ B _ _ R _ T _ (E-S) C _ M _ L _ X

5. The E _ Z _ _ _ - S _ B _ _ _ _ _ _ complex then S _ P A R _ T _ _

6. The enzyme (yellow in the above model) of course is U _ C _ A _ G _ D, while the
substrate is _ H _ N _ E _

            We cannot link directly to the following enzyme-substrate animation. Please cut and paste
     the following URL into your Internet Explorer (The big blue e).

http://programs.northlandcollege.edu/biology/Biology1111/animations/enzyme.html

                Then click on the section for enzyme BASICS.

      If you want to review how an enzyme joins its substrate (using different graphics), if you
        finish early or if you want supplemental information on this topic, please click on the
        next link

Click here for the answers to this section!

D. Lock & Key Model

(theory about E-S Complex structure) (induced fit?)

Biologists often compare abstract (hard to see) topics with those more familiar to students.
One such analogy is that of an enzyme to its substrate is like a key to its lock.

In the following lower diagram (they are one picture which I could not separate), the enzyme is
a lavender-grey color, while the substrate is beige. (The sequential words "enzyme, active site, substrate, Enzyme-substrate complex, enzyme and product" are hard to read -- sorry!)

1. The enzyme active site based on its S _ A P _ functions like a _ _ _

2. A part (top) of the two substrates based on its S _ A P _ functions like a _ _ _ _

3. In the end, the _____________ is physically changed, but the ___________ is
unchanged

            4. Does this pictured enzyme catalyzed reaction show a splitting (digestion or lysis) or
         joining (synthesis) type reaction?    ____________
         (Hint look at what's happening to the size of the substrates (before the first blue arrow
         compared to after the second blue arrow) NOT the temporary joining
         of the enzymes to the substrates!)

Click here to see the Lock & Key Model Answers.

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