October 2008

Regents Practice for the Enlightenment

1.  Speaker A: Good government stresses the importance of the nation and accepts the rights of the individual only if the interests of the individual are the same as those of the nation.

Speaker B: The person of the king is sacred and to attack him in any way is to attack religion itself. The respect given to a king is religious in nature.

Speaker C: All human beings are born free and equal with a right to life and liberty. It is the duty of government to protect these natural rights of its citizens.

Speaker D: Our goal will not be achieved by democracy or liberal reforms, but by blood and iron. Only then will we be successful. No nation achieves greatness or unity without the traumatic experiences of war.

Which speaker’s statement best reflects the ideas of the Enlightenment?

1.  A
2.  B
3.  C
4.  D

2.  Speaker A: The story of history is the story of class struggles. Revolution is necessary to overthrow the ruling class and eventually create a classless society in which no one will be exploited.

Speaker B: The royal power is absolute and the prince need render account of his acts to no one. Where the word of a king is, there is no power. Without this absolute authority, the king could neither do good nor repress evil.

Speaker C: Government should leave business alone. It should let the natural law of supply and demand determine what gets produced, how much gets produced, who does the work, the price of goods, rates of pay, and all other economic questions.

Speaker D: Men are born and remain free and equal in rights. It is the duty of every government to preserve and protect these natural inalienable rights.

Which speaker expresses the views of John Locke and Jean Jacques Rousseau

1.  A
2.  B
3.  C
4.  D

3.  We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.”

The ideas expressed in the quotation are based primarily on the writings of

4.  Writers of the Enlightenment were primarily interested in

5.  The writings of the Enlightenment philosophers in Europe encouraged later political revolution with their support of

6.  The writers and philosophers of the Enlightenment believed the government decisions should be based on

7.  Which statement reflects an argument of Enlightenment philosophers against the belief in the divine right of kings?

8.  John Locke and Jean Jacques Rousseau would be most likely to support

9.  --Man is born free and everywhere he is in chains.
--Everyone has the natural right to life, liberty, and property.
--Slavery, torture, and religious persecution are wrong.

During which period in European history would the ideas in these statements have been expressed?

10.  During the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment, one similarity in the work of many scientists and philosophers was that they

11.  Which statement best describes a change that occurred during both the Renaissance and the Enlightenment?

12.  We prefer self-government with danger, to servitude in tranquility.”

The author of this statement would most likely support

13.  A major concept promoted by philosophers of the Enlightenment was the need for

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