Totalitarian Leaders of the Pre-World War II Era 

Definitions:(from dictionary.com)

Totalitarian:  a form of government in which the political authority exercises absolute and centralized control over all aspects of life, the individual is subordinated to the state, and opposing political and cultural expression is suppressed

Fascism:  A system of government marked by centralization of authority under a dictator, stringent socioeconomic controls, suppression of the opposition through terror and censorship, and typically a policy of belligerent nationalism and racism.

Start with these links:

Stalin:

Biography from encyclopedia.com:  http://www.encyclopedia.com/html/S/Stalin-J1.asp

 

CNN brief on influence in cold war (Great Purge)

http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/cold.war/kbank/profiles/stalin/

 

Use the links on this page for information on collectivization, five year plans, secret police (NKVD), Leon Trotsky:

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RUSstalin.htm

 

Rise to power over Trotsky, Five Year Plans/Collectivization, Great Purge and Propaganda:

http://www.bbc.co.uk/education/modern/stalin/stalihtm.htm 

 

Collectivization and Industrialization (5 Year Plan): http://lcweb.loc.gov/exhibits/archives/coll.html 

 

Mussolini:

 

Biography from encyclopedia.com:  http://www.encyclopedia.com/html/M/Mussolin.asp

 

A BBC news account of the March on Rome 80 years later (lends some insight to how Mussolini manipulated media to make his march seem like an effort for the common man.):  http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/2371229.stm 

 

Great Site from the University of Wisconsin that covers most topics of life under fascism in Italy (women, youth organizations, propaganda, opposition movements, etc.) You will however! need to read carefully:  http://www.library.wisc.edu/libraries/dpf/Fascism/About.html 

 

Good overview on rise to power, social policies:  http://www.bbc.co.uk/education/modern/fascism/fascihtm.htm 

 

Black Shirts, Secret Police, Education, and Women:  http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/life_in_fascist_italy.htm 

Hitler:

 

Biography from encyclopedia.com:  http://www.encyclopedia.com/html/H/Hitler-A1.asp

 

Great Site on Nazism, Includes links for Hitler Youth, Propaganda, and Secret Police:  http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/Nazi%20Germany.htm 

 

Propaganda Posters:  http://www.calvin.edu/cas/gpa/index.htm 

 

Links lead to information on the SA (secret police), the Hitler Youth, and Goebbels (propaganda):

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/GERhitler.htm 

 

Hirohito:

 

Biography from biography.com:  http://search.biography.com/print_record.pl?id=6590

 

Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere:  http://wgordon.web.wesleyan.edu/papers/coprospr.htm

 

New York Times (1937) Account of the Rape of Nanking:  http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/nanking.html

 

Princeton Site on the Rape of Nanking (includes photographs that are difficult to view): http://www.princeton.edu/~nanking/html/main.html

 

Mao Zedong's Speech on against Japanese Imperialism (first paragraph will help you get perspective on Asian nations' opinions on Japan):

http://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/works/1935/12_27.htm

 

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