Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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The
result of plate movement can be seen at ____. a. | abyssal plains | c. | plate centers | b. | ocean
margins | d. | plate
boundaries | | | | |
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2.
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The
presence of the same ____ on several continents supports the hypothesis of continental
drift. a. | fossils | c. | neither a nor
b | b. | rocks | d. | both a and
b | | | | |
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3.
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In
order to complete a convection current, the rising material must eventually ____
Earth. a. | stop
inside | c. | sink back
into | b. | cool | d. | warm | | | | |
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4.
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Once the
elastic limit of rocks is passed, they break and move along surfaces called ____. a. | faults | c. | strains | b. | earthquakes | d. | stresses | | | | |
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5.
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The height
of the lines traced on paper is a measure of the energy released or the ____ of the
earthquake. a. | stress | c. | magnitude | b. | strain | d. | intensity | | | | |
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6.
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A person
located twice as far from an epicenter of an earthquake as another person will notice that the time
between the arrival of the primary and secondary waves will be ____. a. | the
same | c. | reduced | b. | larger | d. | unnoticeable | | | | |
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7.
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____ is the
force that squeezes rocks together. a. | Tension | c. | Elastic limit | b. | Shear | d. | Compression | | | | |
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8.
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____ is the
force that causes plates to move sideways past each other. a. | Tension | c. | Elastic
limit | b. | Shear | d. | Compression | | | | |
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9.
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Along a(n)
____ fault, rock above the fault surface moves downward in relation to rock below the fault
surface. a. | normal | c. | elastic | b. | reverse | d. | strike-slip | | | | |
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10.
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Along a(n)
____ fault, rock above the fault surface moves upward in relation to rock below the fault
surface. a. | normal | c. | elastic | b. | reverse | d. | strike-slip | | | | |
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11.
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At a(n) ____
fault, rocks on either side of the fault surface move past each other. a. | normal | c. | reverse | b. | elastic | d. | strike-slip | | | | |
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12.
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The ____
waves are the first to reach a seismograph after an earthquake. a. | surface | c. | primary | b. | secondary | d. | tsunami | | | | |
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13.
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At least
____ seismographs are needed to accurately locate an earthquake epicenter.
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14.
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One factor
that determines whether a volcanic eruption will be quiet or explosive is ____. a. | the number of cinder
cones | b. | the height of the volcano's vent | c. | the amount of water
vapor and other gases trapped in the magma | d. | the amount of tephra in the magma | | |
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15.
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Some
volcanoes form islands as ____ flows from rifts in the seafloor and builds up high enough to break
the ocean's surface. a. | lava | c. | water | b. | tephra | d. | gas | | | | |
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16.
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Silica-rich
magma ____. a. | sometimes forms where
Earth's plates are coming together and one plate is forced under another | b. | produces explosive
eruptions | c. | is thick and gas gets trapped, causing pressure to build
up | d. | all of the
above | | |
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Matching
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Match
each term with the correct description below. a. | P waves | f. | seismographs | b. | S
waves | g. | mantle | c. | seismic sea waves | h. | seismograms | d. | surface waves | i. | crust | e. | seismologists | j. | magnitude | | | | |
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17.
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tsunamis
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18.
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people who
study earthquakes and seismic waves
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19.
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paper record
of a seismic event
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20.
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largest
layer of Earth
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21.
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secondary
waves
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22.
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waves that
travel outward from the epicenter
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23.
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primary
waves
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24.
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amount of
energy an earthquake releases
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25.
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instruments
that record seismic activity
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26.
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outermost
layer of Earth
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True/False
Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true
or false.
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27.
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Today,
people are never killed by volcanic eruptions.
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28.
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Volcanoes
can form on the ocean floor.
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29.
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There is no
relationship between plate tectonics and volcanoes.
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30.
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Gas trapped
in magma under high pressure can cause explosive eruptions.
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Completion
Complete each sentence or
statement.
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31.
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When the
buildup of stress in Earth's crust is so great that rocks reach their _________________________, an
earthquake occurs.
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32.
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To locate an
earthquake's ____________________, scientists use information from the three seismograph
stations.
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33.
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The boundary
between the upper mantle and the crust is called ______________________________.
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34.
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____________________ waves arrive at a seismograph station first.
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35.
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When rocks
break because of stress, the energy released is in the form of a(n)
____________________.
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36.
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At a
____________________ fault, the rocks above the fault surface are forced up and over the rocks
surface.
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Figure 6F-1
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37.
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Figure 6F-1A
is a(n) ______________________________. It is made of
________________________________________.
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38.
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Figure 6F-1B
is a(n) ________________________________________. It is made of
________________________________________.
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39.
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Figure 6F-1C
is a(n) ______________________________. It is made of
________________________________________.
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40.
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Magma is
____________________ dense than the rock around it, so it is forced ____________________ Earth's
surface.
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Problem
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Figure 5F-1
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41.
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According to
Figure 5F-1, what is the difference in seismic waves arrival time if the epicenter is 5,000 km
away?
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42.
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Using Figure
5F-1, how far away is the epicenter if the difference in seismic wave arrival times is 7
minutes?
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